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Colubrina asiatica

(L.) Brongn. (1826)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Rosales Family: Rhamnaceae Genus: Colubrina

‘ānapanapa [anapanapa], kauila ‘ānapanapa [kauila anapanapa], kauila kukuku, kolokolo (Ni‘ihau), kukuku

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Weakly climbing or scandent shrubs, rarely trees.

Stems: Stems up to 10 cm long, young branches often zigzag.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades ovate, 3.5–11.5 cm long, 1.5–7 cm wide. Apex acuminate. Base broadly rounded to shallowly cordate. Surfaces glabrous or nearly so; lower surfaces often with scattered hairs along veins; thin, glossy. Margins with 15–34 subappressed to rounded serrations, each tooth with a minute gland and a dark deciduous mucro. 3-veined from base. Petioles 0.7–1.8 cm long. Stipules deltate, ca. 1 mm long.

Flowers: Flowers ca. 6–10 in short thyrses ca. 5–10 mm long, peduncles 2–4 mm long, pedicels variable in length, 1–2 mm long, elongating to 5–15(–20) mm long in fruit. Flowers usually bisexual (perfect), sometimes upper ones in the thyrse appearing staminate, actinomorphic. Calyx of 5 sepals; sepal lobes deltate, ca. 1.5 mm long, valvate in bud. Corolla of 5 petals, ca. 1.2–1.4 mm long. Stamens 5, opposite the petals; filaments distinct, adnate to base of petals; anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary partly inferior, 3-celled; ovules 1 per cell, basal and erect, anatropous; style deeply 3-lobed.

Fruit: Fruit drupaceous; globose; somewhat membranous; ca. 7–8 mm long; quickly dehiscent; at first loculicidally. Seeds dull brown; ca.4.5–6 mm long; seed coat thick and bony.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Coastal lowland; strand.

Elevation Range: 0–100 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Indigenous

Island Status

Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Indigenous
Kaua'i Indigenous
O'ahu Indigenous
Molokai Indigenous
Lana'i Indigenous
Maui Indigenous

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Mém. Fam. Rhamn.: 62 (1826)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1093 (Ni, K, O, Mo); Starr et al. 2003:31 (WM); Oppenheimer 2007:30 (L)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Colubrina asiatica Wailua Rive bluffs above, dry Preserved_Specimen Thropp, J. Kauai BISH 1965-08-20
2 Colubrina asiatica Waimea River bottom of gulch Preserved_Specimen Duker, K.W. Oahu BISH 1932-11-11
3 Colubrina asiatica Lihue/Kawaihau District boundary. Wailua River, near boat-lkaunch area close to Wailua Beach Park. Growing on river bank in disturbed area near boat launch. With Terminalia catappa and Sphagneticola trilobata. Preserved_Specimen Brock, K. 806 Kauai BISH 2016-05-03
4 Colubrina asiatica Kipukai in algaroba tree near beach Preserved_Specimen Alexander, A.M. 5334 Kauai BISH 1948-04-30
5 Colubrina asiatica Kalaupapa Trail Hibiscus forest Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 25241 Molokai BISH 1953-12-25
6 Colubrina asiatica Kuamoo Rd., Wailua road cuts Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 1730 Kauai BISH 1986-05-14
7 Colubrina asiatica Nonopapa Dry limestone flats Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 22770 Niihau BISH 1947-08-13
8 Colubrina asiatica Between Waialua and Laie along road, dry rocky plain short distance from sea Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 2249 Oahu BISH 1927-09-25
9 Colubrina asiatica Kalaupapa cliffs Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 14057 Molokai BISH 1918-04-01
10 Colubrina asiatica near Opaekaa Falls, Wailua shrubby ledges Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27322 Kauai BISH 1961-03-11
11 Colubrina asiatica Hahaione Valley, Maunalua roadside Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10125 Oahu BISH 1929-12-14
12 Colubrina asiatica Between Kawela Bay and Waimea, near bridge arid sandy stream bed Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8734 Oahu BISH 1927-01-01
13 Colubrina asiatica East Molokai, W edge of Kilohana School grounds, Manawai Stream bank Erythrina, Prosopis Preserved_Specimen Montgomery, S.L. Molokai BISH 1989-10-22
14 Colubrina asiatica W Maui, Lahaina District, Launiuopoko Beach Park, on makai side of rd Kiawe thicket. Associated vegetation: Prosopis pallida, Ipomoea pes-caprae. Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 107013 Maui BISH 2001-07-01
15 Colubrina asiatica Along Keomuku Rd betw Kahea and Waiopae Scattered along this stretch of coast, covering 10m tall Prosopis pallida. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 50621 Lanai BISH 2006-05-11
16 Colubrina asiatica Na Pohaku O Hauwahine, Kawai Nui Marsh, Kailua, Oahu, Hawaii Throughout upland areas of Na Pohaku, in mesic to dry loamy-clay soil. Preserved_Specimen Crago, L.M. 2005171 Oahu BISH 2005-08-06
17 Colubrina asiatica Waimea shade Preserved_Specimen Hume, E.P. 242 Oahu BISH 1931-10-15
18 Colubrina asiatica West, Kua loa sunny, exposed dry slope, rocky Preserved_Specimen Brown, F.B.H. 1288 Oahu BISH 1924-07-01
19 Colubrina asiatica Anahola Beach Just back of beach, along road. Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Kauai BISH 1977-07-21
20 Colubrina asiatica Waimea Bay sandy shores Preserved_Specimen Shinohara, B. 81 Oahu BISH 1946-12-01
21 Colubrina asiatica At Sandy Beach Park surrounding drainage channel. With Wedelia biflora Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Oahu BISH 1987-11-18
22 Colubrina asiatica near Pauwalu above beach among dry summy rocks Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 3332 Molokai BISH 1928-07-24
23 Colubrina asiatica heiau near Waimea crevices between lichen encrusted rocks Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2164 Oahu BISH 1985-04-29
24 Colubrina asiatica East Molokai, W edge of Kilohana School grounds, Manawai Stream bank Erythrina, Prosopis Preserved_Specimen Montgomery, S.L. Molokai BISH 1989-10-22
25 Colubrina asiatica East Maui, Hana District, Kalahu Point, PTBG Kahanu Garden, around Piilanihale Heiau In remnant Pandanus forest Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 2474 Maui BISH 1987-10-20
26 Colubrina asiatica Kualoa pasture Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 10093 Oahu BISH 1910-01-01
27 Colubrina asiatica Waimea Preserved_Specimen Brown, F.B.H. 1272 Oahu BISH 1925-03-02
28 Colubrina asiatica Makapuu, behind Sea Life Park, across Oceanic Research Ins steep cliffs; with Leucaena, Plumbago, grasses Preserved_Specimen Ishikawa, S. 43 Oahu BISH 1972-01-31
29 Colubrina asiatica Sandy Beach full sun Preserved_Specimen Lau, J. 2147 Oahu BISH 1986-03-17
30 Colubrina asiatica Waimea beach Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH 1912-08-01
31 Colubrina asiatica Kapaa, Kealia, off of Kealia Road after the junction W Kalalea Rd. near Anahola, just before the cemetery W side of the road. Collected as part of KISC 2007 Early Detection Roadside Survey. KIS Growing with Urochloa maxima and Citharexylum. Preserved_Specimen Tangalin, N. 1345 Kauai BISH 2007-05-31
32 Colubrina asiatica Molokai Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 595 Molokai BISH 1912-09-01
33 Colubrina asiatica Kipukai Preserved_Specimen Alexander, A.M. 5334 Kauai BISH 1948-04-30
34 Colubrina asiatica Base of the Eastern fork of the ridge separating Pia and Kupaua Valley. A slightly more mesic clump of dense shrubs in an otherwise very dry alien scrub. Leucaena leucocephala, Clusia rosea, Ochna thomasiana, various introduces grasses, and Guaiacum officinale. Steep rocky. Preserved_Specimen Montayre, T. 2023025 Oahu BISH 2023-10-09
35 Colubrina asiatica Near Koko Head fish pond Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1914 Oahu BISH 1914-02-01
36 Colubrina asiatica PTBG Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 1744 Kauai BISH 1986-05-22
37 Colubrina asiatica Degener's Mokuleia garden Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 35040 Oahu BISH 1990-01-01
38 Colubrina asiatica Kalaupapa; airport, oceanview pavilion Preserved_Specimen Wysong, M.L. 422 Molokai BISH 2004-11-11
39 Colubrina asiatica Waimanalo Preserved_Specimen Topping, D.L. 3014 Oahu BISH 1925-02-01
40 Colubrina asiatica Honolulu, Kalihi Valley, Bishop Estate Nursery Preserved_Specimen Judd Jr., A.F. 152 Oahu BISH 1928-10-06
41 Colubrina asiatica Kauai Preserved_Specimen Rémy, J. 580 Kauai BISH 1851-01-01
42 Colubrina asiatica Waimea Preserved_Specimen Meebold, A. Oahu BISH 1932-05-01
43 Colubrina asiatica Molokai Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. Molokai BISH 1864-01-01
44 Colubrina asiatica Honolulu, Kamehameha Schools Preserved_Specimen Pearsall, G.A. Oahu BISH 1952-01-18
45 Colubrina asiatica Waimea gorge Preserved_Specimen Bridwell, J.C. Oahu BISH
46 Colubrina asiatica Waimea, near railroad bridge, E side Preserved_Specimen Wilder, G.P. Oahu BISH 1930-07-09
47 Colubrina asiatica Niu Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Oahu BISH 1872-09-01
48 Colubrina asiatica Waimea Preserved_Specimen Swezey, O.H. Oahu BISH 1925-04-24
49 Colubrina asiatica Waimea, near railroad bridge, E side Preserved_Specimen Wilder, G.P. Oahu BISH 1930-07-09
50 Colubrina asiatica Molokai Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Molokai BISH
51 Colubrina asiatica valley N o f Kuapa Pond Preserved_Specimen Gillespie, J.W. 1101 Oahu BISH 1927-07-08
52 Colubrina asiatica Koloa, Poipu, Lawai road Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 3131 Kauai BISH 1988-09-12
53 Colubrina asiatica Waimea, near railroad bridge, E side Preserved_Specimen Wilder, G.P. Oahu BISH 1930-07-09
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